(Posted on this blog on November 10, 2008.)
Reynel Dedicated to Cesar Aguilera.
Napoleon has inspired many dictators on both sides of the spectrum, it is a fact. Part of his greatness suggests that anyone can do without it. The Latin American tyrants certainly have been attracted by the Corso. And Paul Johnson notes in his biography of Napoleon that "pygmy tyrants like Kim Il Sung, Castro, Peron, Mengistu, Saddam Hussein, Ceausescu, and Gadhafi" have distinct echoes of "prototype Napoleon." In Castro I, a stranger no fan of the Eagle, is evident. Something has to be taken of reference was the "Napoleonic system of science." But how far from the intellectual quality of Bonaparte!
Napoleon's theorem in geometry is quite famous, he would set in 1787. "If you build a triangle from each side of a triangle (all outside or inside all), the centers of those equilateral triangles themselves form an equilateral triangle." In other words, we must show that the resulting triangle is also equilateral.
In plane geometry, there is also the problem of Napoleon, which is to find the center of a given circle with only a compass to do, ie build only with the heart beat. It was the first campaign in Italy (1797) where he met the mathematician Mascheroni Specialist geometry compass. Back in France, presents the work of the Italian Institute, and proposes that the problem that their solution offers personal. Laplace said, "We expected all of you, general, except for geometry lessons."
If Napoleon had not been Napoléon (or the cheesy "fate knocking at the door" Beethoven), would have been a renowned mathematician: his theorem states two years before the French Revolution ... Still, he was elected to the Institute in 1797 , section of physical and mathematical sciences and in 1800 is made president of it. Exceptional
from small mathematics and history (some say a way to recognize gifted children is only interested in these two disciplines), its capacity for abstraction, which astonished his fellow prisoners at St. Helena, reading for nine hours just abstruse texts and continue to cool, then determined that both military and artillery was no doubt it was the greatest strategist of all time. Spirit
abstract Castro I envied him, who in this sense is a mosquito lobotomized.
Since Napoleon, as a "scientific" in its own right, pushed particularly the sciences. He proposed issues The Institute of Physics subjected to the wise, or one of his duties as a member of the Institute was to study a work of Biot on differential equations. It was Bonaparte who, upon return from Egypt, said that a canal could be made between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean (Suez Canal today), was fascinated plans. It was Bonaparte who gave orders to bring France a stone found in the castle of Rosette, with inscriptions in Greek, Coptic and hieroglyphics. (The stone was confiscated by the British in Alexandria, and we know what Champollion would later her.)
The achievements by the ideas (including practices, was the inventor of the fire and led to the creation of beet sugar) that has inspired Napoleon Castro motivated I might try to imitate, with known results, including dwarf cows.
If there is a father of Egyptology, this is Napoleon Bonaparte. Became a military expedition to Egypt in science at the same time. Its significance was considerable, even today. One of the reasons that Napoleon is that it attracts both caused by it extends to many fields, from military experts, of course, to the mineralogists, in the latter, it refers to the expedition of Egypt. The monumental "Description of Egypt" that he commissioned continues being a reference.
course, was the French Revolution who gave to science a political dimension (on the basis of its development in the eighteenth century), to use them, "winning the trust of the people and prepare their victories." The mother of all revolutions then transmute consequently their daughters in this respect, as in others. But in the case of the Napoleonic period, whose son brother, even if it had no choice but to Eagle, the personal genius of this led to was a true golden age for science. It was Napoleon who
stimulated research on electricity from Volta; created an award designed to "fix the attention of physicists over this part of the discipline that is in my opinion the way to great discoveries."
Laplace Covered with honors (his theory of probability was given to Napoleon in the midst of the disastrous Russian campaign in 1812, and the emperor then he testified his satisfaction), to Berthollet, Cuvier, a Montgolfier ( the invention of the most important machine). While institutions such as the Ecole Polytechnique to refer to the Convention and the Board was under the Consulate and the Empire where they are established. Just
Gay-Lussac, at the Ecole Polytechnique, established in 1802 for his law. Later, during the Empire, Biot and Fourier reach the law of thermal conduction.
In 1803 Berthollet published his "Essay of static chemistry, whose budgets had been meditated in the Egyptian campaign.
algebra, mathematical analysis, astronomy (Laplace devotes the First Consul their "Celestial mechanics", to which Napoleon replied that only the force of circumstances kept him away from science), geometry, analytical mechanics and the known optical breakthrough. In 1813 Niepce made the first discoveries that led to photography.
could not fail to mention, among other achievements of this era of flourishing, the exploration of South America, between 1799 and 1804, by Alexander von Humboldt, the "second discoverer" and Bonpland, who was mayor of the Malmaison , the residence of Napoleon and Josephine.
But the vision of the Eagle, so accurate, for example electricity, failed on one thing: steam navigation. Robert Fulton submarine offers (to invade England, of course) and the steamboat. Not found practical applications in this "water car driven by the fire."
Napoleonic If the project was fruitful science, which pace opened the door to modern science, it was by the substrate "revolutionary" that led, as an instrument that could be useful. Science ceased to be purely speculative to become an economic and social transformer, bad I weigh Marxist jargon. That Napoleon has been passionate about science, coupled with its uniqueness, was an unexpected catalyst. This mirror, starter multiple poles of modernity, then wanted to be taken up by those "other" structural or consciously.
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